The Bhutanese Leading the way.
Bhutan Innovation Forum saw a molecular biologist and Nobel Laureate, Dr Richard J Roberts, sharing insights into how Bhutan can leverage scientific advancements and business strategies to enhance its agricultural sector and economic prosperity.
Dr Richard Roberts highlighted on the potential of small businesses in Bhutan. He said, “I am a great believer in starting small. If you are successful, then, by all means, grow. If you are not successful, then try something else.”
He noted that there are many young entrepreneurs in Bhutan with excellent ideas. He said they could start companies that would be helpful for the economy.
He said the concept, like the angel investors in the US that helps to kickstart business ventures, could be used in Bhutan to support the aspiring entrepreneurs find access to small investments.
A key topic discussed was the role of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in addressing food security and improving agricultural yields. Dr Richard Roberts clarified misconceptions about GMOs, stating, “There’s no reason why they shouldn’t be organic.”
He explained that modern biotechnology allows scientists to introduce specific genes into plants with precision, enhancing traits like drought and pest resistance. “If you can increase yields, this means on one hectare, you can get perhaps double the yield,” he added.
Dr Roberts also cited the example of Golden Rice, a genetically modified rice designed to produce beta carotene, the precursor of vitamin A, to address malnutrition in children.
“Millions of children die every year because they don’t get enough vitamin A, this is saving children’s lives, critiquing opposition from organizations like Greenpeace that have campaigned against GMOs without considering their potential benefits. I don’t know how these people who are against GMO sleep at night,” he said.
When asked about the potential for Bhutan to harness GMO technology in agriculture while maintaining a focus on sustainability, Dr Richard Roberts pointed out that improved agricultural practices could lead to better biodiversity conservation. “GMOs can increase the productivity of the land, which can actually help preserve biodiversity,” he said.
He urged local farmers and organic producers to embrace GMO technology to enhance the quality and resilience of their crops.
Dr Robert highlighted successful international projects that could serve as models for Bhutan. He mentioned ongoing initiatives in Lebanon, where GMO technology is being introduced to support smallholder farmers and reduce poverty.
Despite the promising prospects, Bhutan encounters several barriers to adopting cutting-edge biotechnology. Dr Roberts identified existing fear and skepticism surrounding GMOs, fueled by campaigns from organizations, such as Greenpeace, which have historically raised concerns about the safety of genetically modified foods. This apprehension can hinder progress, particularly in regions where consumers are wary of innovations perceived to threaten traditional agricultural practices.
He said that to overcome these challenges, Bhutanese policymakers must prioritize public education and awareness campaigns that communicate the safety and benefits of GMOs. Engaging with local communities to showcase successful examples of biotechnological advancements both locally and in other developing nations can help alleviate fears and foster acceptance.
Dr Richard Roberts also highlighted the importance of fostering a culture of scientific innovation within Bhutan. Currently, many Bhutanese students pursue their education abroad, but he suggests that they should consider internships with biotech companies after completing their degrees. “Internships offer a bridge between academic learning and real-world applications, which can significantly enhance the scientific capacity of Bhutan,” he said.
He stated that by creating a supportive ecosystem for young scientists, Bhutan could facilitate the growth of local biotech enterprises focused on addressing national agricultural and health issues.
The intersection of biotechnology and healthcare is another area where Bhutan can harness advancements to improve the wellbeing of its citizens. Dr Roberts stressed on the importance of a national healthcare system that emphasizes preventive care and the use of biotechnology to address genetic disorders and diseases.
He said, “In a country like Bhutan, where traditional medicine holds significant cultural value, integrating biotechnological solutions could lead to a more holistic approach to healthcare. This could involve gene editing for disease prevention and the production of affordable vaccines and treatments, ensuring broader access to healthcare for all citizens.”
With an eye on sustainability, Dr Richard Roberts argued that biotechnology could complement organic agriculture in Bhutan. However, this requires a shift in mindset among some organic farmers who may resist integrating GMOs into their practices. Highlighting the need for a balanced approach, he noted that GMOs can contribute to sustainability by reducing reliance on chemical pesticides and enhancing crop resilience to climate change.
“Organic farmers should recognize the potential of GMOs to coexist with their practices, ultimately leading to healthier crops and improved food safety,” Dr Roberts stated.
Addressing concerns about the safety of GMOs, Dr Roberts reassured the audience that extensive research over the past three decades has demonstrated the safety of genetically modified foods. He emphasized that rigorous monitoring and regulation will be essential as Bhutan moves forward with biotechnology.
“Just as we have learned from experiences with technology like cell phones, every innovation comes with potential risks, but the track record of GMOs shows a clear path of safety,” he said.
“The future is bright, but it requires courage and commitment to embrace the possibilities that biotechnology offers,” he added.
